Sourcing Native Plants for a Restoration or Revegetation Project

A restoration planting is an order for ten thousand small plants of forty species from seed collected within a few kilometers of the site, delivered in one week of one season, and no grower holds that on its list. The one idea that matters most is that revegetation stock is grown to order, so the group that books its growing a year ahead plants what the plan says, and the group that orders in fall plants what is left.

This page covers how a Landcare or catchment group, a land trust, a conservation authority or a city or county sources native plants for a restoration or revegetation project. It covers provenance and what to ask for, the grades the trade grows, contract growing and its timetable, how to read a list for the sizes and quantities a project needs, and what the directory cannot show. The Bureau of Land Management's National Seed Strategy and the USDA Forest Service's native plant materials program set out how native seed and plant materials are sourced by seed zone for restoration. It also draws on HortOS, a free directory of American wholesale plant growers with their published availability and trade prices. It does not choose species, which is the site's ecologist's job.

Quick facts

Provenance first	Decide the seed source rule before anything else: local provenance from the same catchment or ecological district, a wider zone, or a climate adjusted mix. The grower grows to the rule it is given.
The grade	Most revegetation is planted from a plug or a liner, or a deep tree tube for forestry grade stock: cheap, quick to plant and quick to root. Larger grades are for the edges, the gateways and the sites that must look planted on day one.
Grown to order	A grower sows a project's seed in late summer for the following winter or spring. Book the growing a year ahead; a top-up from current lists is the exception, not the plan.
Quantities	Dense revegetation runs 1 to 2 plants per square meter for shrubs and trees, 4 to 6 for grasses and sedges; a hectare of mixed planting is 10,000 to 15,000 plants.
What a list shows	Each grower's current list on HortOS shows the native species it lists today, by size, with the date it was updated; a project reads it for top-ups and for which growers grow the genera it needs. On 24 September 2026, 91 growers in Florida listed liners on us.hortosapp.com, with smaller numbers in Texas, Georgia, New Jersey and Pennsylvania, and the state hubs list every grower by town.
What a list cannot show	Provenance, straight species or selection, growing practice and chemicals used are not on a list. They are questions to the grower, and the answers belong in the quote.

Provenance: what to ask for

A native plant is not necessarily a local plant. The same species grown from seed collected three hundred kilometers away may flower at the wrong time, suit the wrong soil, or cross with the local population. The Bureau of Land Management's National Seed Strategy and the USDA Forest Service's native plant materials program set out how native seed and plant materials are sourced by seed zone for restoration. The practical form of the rule is a sentence in the quote request: seed collected within a named distance of the site, or within a named district or zone, with the collection records kept by the grower.

Three kinds of grower answer that sentence differently. A revegetation specializt collects seed to order, keeps records by batch and expects the question. A native plant nursery growing a regional range can usually say where its seed came from and will grow a project's seed if given the time. A production nursery growing a national range of named natives may buy its liners in and cannot always say. HortOS lists all three; the grower's page and a phone call tell a project which it is.

Grades and quantities

Revegetation is planted small because small plants root into the site rather than into their pot, and because a volunteer plants three hundred tubes in a morning and thirty pots. A plug or a liner, or a deep tree tube for forestry grade stock is the grade most projects use. A tube costs a few dollars at trade and a pot several times that, so the budget buys two to three times the cover in tubes. Plant grades and container sizes by market explains the grade names.

The counts are planning figures from common practice and the ecologist's plan sets the real ones. Add ten percent for losses in the first summer and a second order for infill in the second year, which the grower can grow from the same seed batch if asked at the start.

Contract growing and its timetable

A project of any size is grown under contract: the group supplies or specifies the seed, the grower sows, grows and holds the plants, and the group pays a deposit on sowing and the balance on dispatch. The timetable runs backwards from the planting week. Seed is collected in the summer or fall before; sowing follows; the plants are hardened off in the weeks before dispatch; the planting follows the first soaking rains of the season.

• Twelve months out. Settle the species list, the provenance rule and the counts. Ask three growers whether they will grow to order and on what terms.
• Nine months out. Sign the growing contract, pay the deposit, and agree who collects the seed and who holds the records.
• Three months out. Visit or ask for photographs. Count the trays against the contract and agree the dispatch week.
• Two weeks out. Confirm the count, the guards and stakes, the delivery or pickup, and the watering plan for the trays on site.

Lead times, pre-orders and contract growing explains the growing contract in detail and what makes a nursery plant good quality explains the root and hardening checks a project applies before the trays leave.

Reading the directory for a project

HortOS shows what each grower lists today, which is useful for a project in three ways. A top-up order for a species that failed can be found by its plant page, which shows every grower listing it by size. The state hubs (Florida, California, Pennsylvania, North Carolina) show which growers near a site list natives at all, and in what breadth, which is the shortlist for a contract growing enquiry. And the updated date on each list says who is active this season.

Median trade prices in this guide are from the live us.hortosapp.com price pages on 24 September 2026: one price per grower, ex tax, freight not included, a median only where three or more growers price a class. Anyone can see the prices on HortOS, and only the trade can order; a conservation group holding a trade account orders like any landscaper, and one that does not reads the lists and buys through its city or county, a community nursery or the grower's own trade account.

What to watch for

• Native read as local. A species label says nothing about provenance. Write the seed source rule into the quote and the contract.
• Ordering in the planting season. Revegetation stock is sown the summer before. An fall order buys what the lists hold, not what the plan says.
• Large grades for speed. Pots cost several times the tube and do not establish faster on a prepared site. Spend the difference on guards, follow-up watering and the second-year infill.
• Treating the list as the plan. The list shows what growers list today; the plan is what the site needs. Where the two differ, the plan is grown to order.
• No records. A funder or a city or county may ask where the seed came from and what was planted where. Keep the grower's batch records, the dispatch dockets and a planting map.

Getting it right

1. Settle the species list and the provenance rule with the site's ecologist, and write both into every request.
2. Shortlist growers on the state hub that list natives in the grades the plan uses, and ask each whether it grows to order.
3. Sign a growing contract a year ahead with the seed source, the counts, the grade, the dispatch week and the payment terms in it.
4. Order guards, stakes and the follow-up watering at the same time as the plants.
5. Inspect the trays before dispatch: roots, hardening off and the count against the contract.
6. Plant after the first soaking rains, keep the records, and book the second-year infill from the same seed batch.

A word of caution

The grower counts on this page are what the HortOS hubs printed on 24 September 2026, and the live pages change as lists arrive. Which species suit a site, and what the provenance rule should be, are the site's ecologist's and the funder's to decide, with the named guidelines beside them. A list on HortOS cannot show provenance, growing practice or treatments; the grower's written answer is the record, and HortOS never answers on a grower's behalf.

Sources

• Bureau of Land Management, National Seed Strategy: native seed supply for restoration.
• USDA Forest Service, native plant materials: provenance and plant materials for restoration.
• USDA PLANTS database: native status and distribution.
• Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, native plant database: native plants by state and use.
• Native Plant Trust: native plants in the Northeast.